Reads
Sowards, S. W. (2015, March 08). Lecture No. 11: Macedonia and the failure of Ottoman reforms. Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History: http://staff.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lect11.htm
Yapp, M. E., Shaw, J. S. (2023). The Ottoman Empire. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire/The-1875-78-crisis